; ForgeRock, Inc. Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Fair Value Measurements

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Fair Value Measurements
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined under ASC 820 as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable:
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets and liabilities held by value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
December 31, 2022
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Money market funds $ 91,376  $ —  $ —  $ 91,376 
Total cash equivalents 91,376  —  —  91,376 
Commercial paper —  47,840  —  47,840 
Asset-backed securities —  17,198  —  17,198 
Corporate debt securities —  98,798  —  98,798 
U.S. treasury bonds —  43,412  —  43,412 
Total short-term investments —  207,248  —  207,248 
 Total cash equivalents and short-term investments $ 91,376  $ 207,248  $ —  $ 298,624 
December 31, 2021
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Money market funds $ 98,333  $ —  $ —  $ 98,333 
Total cash equivalents 98,333  —  —  98,333 
Commercial paper —  78,448  —  78,448 
Asset-backed securities —  51,587  —  51,587 
Corporate debt securities —  85,084  —  85,084 
U.S. treasury bonds —  26,292  —  26,292 
Total short-term investments —  241,411  —  241,411 
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments $ 98,333  $ 241,411  $ —  $ 339,744 
All of the Company’s money market funds are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as the valuation is based on observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. The Company’s preferred stock warrants and preferred stock tranche option liabilities, which were both fully exercised during 2021, were categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy (See Note 12 Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and related warrants and option).
The preferred stock warrants and preferred stock tranche option liability values were estimated using assumptions related to the remaining contractual terms, the risk-free interest rates, the volatility of comparable public companies over the remaining terms and the fair value of underlying shares. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement include the fair value of the underlying stock at the valuation date and the estimated terms. Increases (decreases) in fair value were recognized in fair value adjustment on warrants and option in the consolidated statements of operations.
The change in the fair value of the warrants was as follows (in thousands):
Balance at January 1, 2020 $ 1,057 
Issuance of warrants for series D preferred stock 127 
Increase in fair value of preferred stock warrants 1,217 
Balance at January 1, 2021 2,401 
Increase in fair value of preferred stock warrants 5,871 
Balance at issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (8,272)
Balance at December 31, 2021 $ — 
The change in fair value of the preferred stock tranche option was as follows (in thousands):
Balance at January 1, 2020 $ — 
Issuance of Series E preferred stock tranche option 1,500 
Increase in fair value of preferred stock tranche option 6,067 
Balance at January 1, 2021 7,567 
Increase in fair value of preferred stock tranche option 4,157 
Balance at reclassification to redeemable convertible preferred stock (11,724)
Balance at December 31, 2021 $ — 
For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash held in banks, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expense, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities, and are, therefore, excluded from the fair value table above.